Chumashחומש

ויהי בנסע הארן. עָשָֹה לוֹ סִימָנִיּוֹת מִלְּפָנָיו וּמִלְּאַחֲרָיו לוֹמַר שֶׁאֵין זֶה מְקוֹמוֹ, וְלָמָּה נִכְתַּב כָּאן? כְּדֵי לְהַפְסִיק בֵּין פֻּרְעָנוּת לְפֻרְעָנוּת וְכוּ', כִּדְאִיתָא בְּכָל כִּתְבֵי הַקֹּדֶשׁ (שבת קט"ו):

ויהי בנסע הארן AND IT CAME TO PASS WHEN THE ARK PROCEEDED [THAT MOSES SAID etc.] — He (the Lord; cf. Shabbat 115a) made for it (for this section) dividing marks (inverted “Nuns”), in front and behind it, in order to indicate that this is not its proper place (it would more fittingly find a place in the section dealing with the march of the people in chapter Numbers II. after v. 17). But why, then, is it written here? In order to make a break between the narrative of one punishment and that of another punishment etc., as is stated in the Talmudic chapter commencing with כל כתבי (Shabbat 115b, cf. Sifrei Bamidbar 84:1).

קומה ה'. לְפִי שֶׁהָיָה מַקְדִּים לִפְנֵיהֶם מַהֲלַךְ שְׁלֹשָׁה יָמִים, הָיָה מֹשֶׁה אוֹמֵר עֲמֹד וְהַמְתֵּן לָנוּ וְאַל תִּתְרַחֵק יוֹתֵר. תַּנְחוּמָא בְּוַיַּקְהֵל:

‘קומה ה RISE UP O LORD — Because it (the Ark) was in front of them a distance of three days’ march, Moses exclaimed, “Stay and wait for us, and do not travel further away from us; this is to be found in Tanchuma 2:10:7 on Sedra ויקהל.

ויפצו איביך. הַמְכֻנָּסִין:

ויפצו איביך [RISE UP, O LORD] AND LET THINE ENEMIES BE SCATTERED — i.e. those who massed for battle.

וינסו משנאיך. אֵלּוּ הָרוֹדְפִים:

וינסו משנאיך AND LET THOSE THAT HATE THEE FLEE BEFORE THEE, — this refers to the pursuing enemies (those actually engaged in battle) (Sifrei Bamidbar 84:3).

משנאיך. אֵלּוּ שׂוֹנְאֵי יִשְׂרָאל, שֶׁכָּל הַשּׂוֹנֵא אֶת יִשְׂרָאֵל שׂוֹנֵא אֶת מִי שֶׁאָמַר וְהָיָה הָעוֹלָם, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר "וּמְשַׂנְאֶיךָ נָשְׂאוּ רֹאשׁ" (תהלים פ"ג), וּמִי הֵם? "עַל עַמְּךָ יַעֲרִימוּ סוֹד":

משנאיך THOSE THAT HATE THEE — These are those who hate Israel, because whoever hates Israel, hates “Him who spoke and the world came into existence”, as it is said, (Psalms 83:3, 4) “[For lo, thine enemies are in an uproar] and they that hate Thee have lifted up the head” — and who are these that hate Thee? The next verse states this (v. 4): “They who have taken crafty counsel against thy people” (Sifrei Bamidbar 84:4).

שובה ה'. מְנַחֵם תִּרְגְּמוֹ לְשׁוֹן מַרְגּוֹעַ, וְכֵן "בְּשׁוּבָה וָנַחַת תִּוָּשֵׁעוּן" (ישעיהו ל'):

‘שובה ה [AND WHEN IT RESTED HE SAID] שובה O LORD — Menachem ben Seruk renders it (the word שובה) by an expression denoting “rest”. Similar is (Isaiah 30:15) “In rest (בשובה) and tranquility shall ye be saved” (cf. Ibn. Ezra).

רבבות אלפי ישראל. מַגִּיד שֶׁאֵין הַשְּׁכִינָה שׁוֹרָה בְּיִשְׂרָאֵל פְּחוּתִים מִשְּׁנֵי אֲלָפִים וּשְׁתֵּי רְבָבוֹת (יבמות ס"ד):

רבבות אלפי ישראל [GIVE REST O LORD UNTO] THE MYRIADS OF THOUSANDS OF ISRAEL — This teaches us that the Shechinah does not rest upon Israel if they are less in number than twenty-two thousand (Yevamot 64a; Sifrei Bamidbar 84:5).

ויהי העם כמתאננים. אֵין הָעָם אֶלָּא רְשָׁעִים, וְכֵן הוּא אוֹמֵר "מָה אֶעֱשֶׂה לָעָם הַזֶּה" (שמות י"ז), וְאוֹמֵר "הָעָם הַזֶּה הָרָע" (ירמיהו י"ג); וּכְשֶׁהֵם כְּשֵׁרִים קְרוּאִים "עַמִּי", שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר "שַׁלַּח עַמִּי" (שמות ח׳:ט״ז), "עַמִּי מֶה עָשִׂיתִי לְךָ" (מיכה ו'):

ויהי העם כמתאננים AND THE PEOPLE WERE COMPLAINING — The term העם “the people” always denotes wicked men. Similarly it states, (Exodus 17:4) “what shall I do unto this people (לעם הזה)? [yet a little and they will stone me]”, and it further states, ( 13:10) “This evil people [which refuses to hear my words]”. But when they are worthy men who are spoken of they are called עמי “My people”, as it is said, (Exodus 5:1) “Let My people go”; (Micah 6:3) “O My people, what have I done unto thee” (Sifrei Bamidbar 85).

כמתאננים. אֵין מִתְאוֹנְנִים אֶלָּא לְשׁוֹן עֲלִילָה — מְבַקְּשִׁים עֲלִילָה הֵיאַךְ לִפְרֹשׁ מֵאַחֲרֵי הַמָּקוֹם, וְכֵן הוּא אוֹמֵר בְּשִׁמְשׁוֹן (שופטים י"ד), "כִּי תֹאֲנָה הוּא מְבַקֵּשׁ" (ספרי):

כמתאננים — The term מתאננים denotes [people who seek] “a pretext” — they seek a pretext how to separate themselves from following the Omnipresent. Similarly is stated in the narrative of Samson, (Judges 14:4) “for he sought a pretext (תואנה) [against the Philistines]” (Sifrei Bamidbar 85).

רע באזני ה'. תּוֹאֲנָה שֶׁהִיא רָעָה בְּאָזְנֵי ה', שֶׁמִּתְכַּוְּנִים שֶׁתָּבֹא בְּאָזְנָיו וְיַקְנִיט, אָמְרוּ: אוֹי לָנוּ, כַּמָּה לֻבַּטְנוּ בַּדֶּרֶךְ הַזֶּה, שְׁלֹשָׁה יָמִים שֶׁלֹּא נַחְנוּ מֵעִנּוּי הַדֶּרֶךְ:

רע באזני ה׳ means a pretext that was evil in the ears of the Lord, i.e., that they intended that it should reach His ears and that He might show annoyance. They said: “Woe unto us! How weary we have become on this journey: it is now three days that we have had no rest from the wearisomeness of the march!”

ויחר אפו. אֲנִי הָיִיתִי מִתְכַּוֵּן לְטוֹבַתְכֶם — שֶׁתִּכָּנְסוּ לָאָרֶץ מִיָּד:

ויחר אפו AND HIS WRATH GLOWED — He said in anger: How ungrateful you are, “I meant it for your good — that you might immediately come into the land”.

בקצה המחנה. בְּמֻּקְצִין שֶׁבָּהֶם לְשִׁפְלוּת, אֵלּוּ עֵרֶב רַב, רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן בֶּן מְנַסְיָא אוֹמֵר, בַּקְּצִינִים שֶׁבָּהֶם וּבַגְּדוֹלִים (עי' ספרי):

בקצה המחנה [AND THE FIRE … DESTROYED THEM THAT WERE] IN THE EXTREMITY OF THE CAMP — i.e. those amongst them who were extreme in baseness — these were “the mixed multitude”. But R. Simeon the son of Manassia said: it means that the fire consumed the most distinguished and prominent ones among them (cf. Sifrei Bamidbar 85 and Rashi’s two explanations of ומקצה אחיו on Genesis 47:2).

ויצעק העם אל משה. מָשָׁל לְמֶלֶךְ בָּשָׂר וָדָם שֶׁכָּעַס עַל בְּנוֹ, וְהָלַךְ הַבֵּן אֵצֶל אוֹהֲבוֹ שֶׁל אָבִיו וְאָמַר לוֹ צֵא וּבַקֵּשׁ עָלַי מֵאַבָּא:

ויצעק העם אל משה AND THE PEOPLE CRIED UNTO MOSES — A parable! This may be compared to the case of an earthly king who was angry with his son, and the son went to a friend of his father and said to him, “Go and ask forgiveness for me from father!” (Sifrei Bamidbar 86).

ותשקע האש. שָׁקְעָה בִּמְקוֹמָהּ, שֶׁאִלּוּ חָזְרָה לְאַחַת הָרוּחוֹת הָיְתָה מְקַפֶּלֶת וְהוֹלֶכֶת כָּל אוֹתוֹ הָרוּחַ (ספרי):

ותשקע האש THEN THE FIRE SANK — it sank on the very spot; because if it had turned along one of the sides of the camp it would gradually have rolled along the whole of that side (Sifrei Bamidbar 86).

והאספסף. אֵלּוּ עֵרֶב רַב שֶׁנֶּאֶסְפוּ עֲלֵיהֶם בְּצֵאתָם מִמִּצְרַיִם:

והאספסף AND THE THRONG — This was the mixed multitude that had gathered themselves unto them when they left Egypt (the word is from the root אסף, “to gather”) (Sifrei Bamidbar 86). — The next words of the Biblical text must be inverted to read as follows:

וישבו גם בני ישראל ויבכו. עִמָּהֶם:

וישבו גם בני ישראל ויבכו AND THE CHILDREN OF ISRAEL ALSO AGAIN WEPT together with them.

מי יאכלנו בשר. וְכִי לֹא הָיָה לָהֶם בָּשָׂר? וַהֲלֹא כְּבָר נֶאֱמַר "וְגַם עֵרֶב רַב עָלָה אִתָּם וְצֹאן וּבָקָר" וְגוֹ' (שמות י"ב), וְאִ"תֹּ אֲכָלוּם, וַהֲלֹא בִּכְנִיסָתָן לָאָרֶץ נֶאֱמַר "וּמִקְנֶה רַב הָיָה לִבְנֵי רְאוּבֵן" וְגוֹ' (במדבר ל"ב)? אֶלָּא שֶׁמְּבַקְשִׁים עֲלִילָה (ספרי):

מי יאכלנו בשר WHO SHALL GIVE US FLESH TO EAT? — But did they not have flesh? Has it not been already stated, (Exodus 12:38) “and a mixed multitude went up with them and flocks and herds, [even very much cattle]”?! If you say, “They had already eaten them”, then I reply, “But is it not stated at a later period, when they were about to enter the Land, (Numbers 32:1), “Now the children of Reuben had cattle in a very great multitude”? But the truth is that they were only seeking a pretext (Sifrei Bamidbar 86).

אשר נאכל במצרים חנם. אִ"תֹּ שֶׁמִּצְרִיִּים נוֹתְנִים לָהֶם דָּגִים חִנָּם, וַהֲלֹא כְּבָר נֶאֱמַר "וְתֶבֶן לֹא יִנָּתֵן לָכֶם" (שמות ה'), אִם תֶּבֶן לֹא הָיוּ נוֹתְנִין לָהֶם חִנָּם, דָּגִים הָיוּ נוֹתְנִין לָהֶם חִנָּם? וּמַהוּ אוֹמֵר חִנָּם, חִנָּם מִן הַמִּצְוֹת (ספרי):

אשר נאכל במצרים חנם [WE REMEMBER THE FISH] WHICH WE DID EAT IN EGYPT FOR NOTHING — If you say that they meant that the Egyptians gave them fish for nothing (without payment), then I ask, “But does it not state, (Exodus 5:18): [Go, therefore, now, and work], for there shall no straw be given you”? Now, if they did not give them straw for nothing, would they have given them fish for nothing! — What then is the force of the word חנם? It means: free from (i.e. without us having been burdened with) heavenly commands (Sifrei Bamidbar 87).

את הקשאים. אָמַר רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן מִפְּנֵי מָה הַמָּן מִשְׁתַּנֶּה לְכָל דָּבָר חוּץ מֵאֵלּוּ? מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהֵן קָשִׁים לַמְּנִיקוֹת, אוֹמְרִים לְאִשָּׁה אַל תֹּאכְלִי שׁוּם וּבָצָל מִפְּנֵי הַתִּינוֹק, מָשָׁל לְמֶלֶךְ וְכוּ', כִּדְאִיתָא בְּסִפְרֵי:

את הקשאים THE CUCUMBERS — R. Simeon said, “Why did the manna change its flavor into that of anything one wished (as the Midrash states) except into these vegetables here mentioned, the taste of which it appears not to have assumed since the people lusted for them? Because they are injurious to nursing mothers. So indeed people say to a woman: Do not eat garlic and onions on account of the baby. A parable! This may be compared to a king, etc. as it is related in the Sifrei Bamidbar 87.

הקשאים. הֵם קוקומבר"שׂ בְּלַעַז:

הקשאים These are concombres in O. F., (English = cucumbers).

אבטיחים. בודיק"ש:

אבטיחים are boudekes in O. F. (English = melons).

החציר. כְּרֵישִׁין, פוריל"ש (תַּרְגּוּמוֹ יָת בּוֹצִינַיָּא וְכוּ'):

החציר are leeks, porels in O. F. [The Targum renders the names of the vegetables by בוציניא etc.].

אל המן עינינו. מָן בַּשַּׁחַר, מָן בָּעֶרֶב:

אל המן עינינו OUR EYES ARE ON THIS MANNA (i. e. we see nothing but this manna) — “manna in the morning, manna in the evening!” (Sifrei Bamidbar 87)

והמן כזרע גד. מִי שֶׁאָמַר זֶה לֹא אָמַר זֶה, יִשְֹרָאֵל אוֹמְרִים "בִּלְתִּי אֶל הַמָּן עֵינֵינוּ" וְהַקָּבָּ"ה הִכְתִּיב בַּתּוֹרָה "וְהַמָּן כִּזְרַע גַּד" וְגוֹ', כְּלוֹמַר רְאוּ בָּאֵי עוֹלָם עַל מָה מִתְלוֹנְנִים בָּנַי, וְהַמָּן כָּךְ וְכָךְ הוּא חָשׁוּב:

והמן כזרע גד AND THE MANNA WAS AS CORIANDER SEED — He who said that (the previous verse) did not say this: Israel said, “our eyes are only on this manna”, but the Holy One, blessed be He had it written in the Torah, and the manna was like coriander seed” — as much as to say “See, ye people of the world, about what My sons were complaining, whilst as a matter of fact the manna is excellent in so many different ways!” (Sifrei Bamidbar 88).

כזרע גד. עָגֹל כְּגִידָּא — זֶרַע קוליינדר"ו:

כזרע גד i.e. it was round like גד, coriander-seed in O. F.

הבדלח. שֵׁם אֶבֶן טוֹבָה קריסט"ל:

הבדלח is the name of a precious stone. BEDELLIUM. (Some editions add the O. F. קרישטל crystal).

שטו. אֵין שִׁיּוּט אֶלָּא לְשׁוֹן טִיּוּל, אישבנ"ייר — בְּלֹא עָמָל:

שטו [AND THE PEOPLE] WENT ABOUT — The term שיוט (i. e. any form of the root שוט) denotes strolling about; esbanoyer in O. F., English to walk about leisurely — they got the manna without exertion (cf. however, Yoma 75a and thereon s. v. ירד המן עליו).

וטחנו ברחים וגו'. לֹא יָרַד בָּרֵחַיִם וְלֹא בַקְּדֵרָה וְלֹא בַמְּדוֹכָה, אֶלָּא מִשְׁתַּנֶּה הָיָה טַעֲמוֹ לַנִּטְחָנִין וְלַנְּדוֹכִין וְלַמְבֻשָּׁלִין (ספרי):

וטחנו ברחים וגו׳ AND THE PEOPLE GROUND IT WITH MILL STONES [OR POUNDED IT IN THE MORTAR, AND BAKED IT IN PANS] — As a matter of fact it (the manna) never went into a mill, nor a pot, nor a mortar, but its taste changed, according to one’s desire, into that of ground or pounded or cooked grain (Sifrei Bamidbar 89).

בפרור. קְדֵרָה:

בפרור — means [IN] A POT.

לשד השמן. לִחְלוּחַ שֶׁל שֶׁמֶן, כָּךְ פֵּרְשׁוֹ דּוּנָשׁ, וְדוֹמֶה לוֹ "נֶהְפַּךְ לְשַׁדִּי בְּחַרְבֹנֵי קַיִץ" (תהילים ל"ב), וְהַלָּמֶ"ד יְסוֹד, — נֶהְפַּךְ לִחְלוּחִי בְּחַרְבוֹנֵי קַיִץ. וְרַבּוֹתֵינוּ פֵרְשׁוּהוּ לְשׁוֹן שָׁדַיִם, אַךְ אֵין עִנְיַן שָׁדַיִם אֵצֶל שֶׁמֶן; וְאִאֶ"ל לְשַׁד הַשָּׁמֶן לְשׁוֹן "וַיִּשְׁמַן יְשֻׁרוּן" (דברים ל"ב), שֶׁאִם כֵּן הָיָה הַמֵּ"ם נָקוּד קָמָץ וְטַעְמוֹ לְמַטָּה תַּחַת הַמֵּ"ם, עַכְשָׁו שֶׁהַמֵּ"ם נָקוּד פַּתָּח קָטָן וְהַטַּעַם תַּחַת הַשִּׁי"ן, לְשׁוֹן שֶׁמֶן הוּא, וְהַשִּׁ"ין הַנְּקוּדָה בְּקָמָץ גָּדוֹל וְאֵינָהּ נְקוּדָה בְּפַתָּח קָטָן מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהוּא סוֹף פָּסוּק. דָּ"אַ: לְשַׁד לְשׁוֹן נוֹטָרִיקוֹן — לִישׁ שֶׁמֶן דְּבַשׁ, כְּעִסָּה הַנִּלּוֹשָׁה בְּשֶׁמֶן וּקְטוּפָה בִדְבַשׁ. וְתַרְגּוּם שֶׁל אֻנְקְלוֹס דִּמְתַרְגֵּם "דְּלִישׁ בְּמִשְׁחָא" נוֹטֶה לְפִתְרוֹנוֹ שֶׁל דּוּנָשׁ, שֶׁהָעִסָּה הַנִּלּוֹשָׁה בְשֶׁמֶן לַחְלוּחִית שֶׁמֶן יֵשׁ בָּהּ:

לשד השמן [AND ITS TASTE WAS AS THE TASTE OF] — לשד השמן i. e. moisture of oil. Thus did Dunash ibn Labrat explain it. Similar to it is, (Psalms 32:4) נהפך לשדי בחרבוני קיץ, where the ל in the word לשד is a root-letter, the meaning being: “my sap (לשדי) is turned by the drought of summer”. Our Rabbis (Sifrei Bamidbar 89) explained it as meaning “breasts’ (i. e. just as the suckling imbibes, so to speak, every possible flavor with the mother-milk. so the Israelites found all flavors in the manna; cf. Sifrei), but really the subject of “breasts” has nothing to do with oil. One cannot, however, in order to justify the explanation of our Rabbis say that השמן in לשד השמן has a meaning similar to (Deuteronomy 32:15) וישמן ישורון, “But Jeshurun waxed fat (וישמן)” (when the meaning would be: “And the taste of it was similar to that of a fat breast”), for then the מ ought to be punctuated with Kametz (our Tséré: הַשָּׁמֵן) and the accent ought to be on the last syllable, beneath the מ. Now, however, that the מ is punctuated with Patach Katon (our Segol) and the accent is on the ש, it can only have a sense connected with שמן “oil”. As to the ש which is punctuated with Kametz Gadol (שָׁמן) and not with Segol (since the noun “oil” is שֶׁמן,) this is so because the word is at the end of the verse (and in the pausal form שֶׁמֶן becomes שָׁמֶן). — Another explanation is that לשד is an acrostic of ליש, “kneading”, שמן “oil”, דבש “honey”, i. e. that the manna was like “dough kneaded with oil, and smeared with honey” (קטף literally means “to tear”, and when used of dough it means “to tear a lump of dough into pieces for which purpose the kneader moistens his hands with some liquid; here with honey) (Sifrei Bamidbar 89). The rendering of Onkelos who translates the phrase by דליש במשחא, “[as the taste] of dough with oil”, inclines to the meaning given by Dunash, because dough which is kneaded with oil has in it some moisture of oil.

בכה למשפחתיו. מִשְׁפָּחוֹת מִשְׁפָּחוֹת נֶאֱסָפִים וּבוֹכִים לְפַרְסֵם תַּרְעֻמְתָּן בְּגָלוּי. וְרַבּוֹתֵינוּ אָמְרוּ (יומא ע"ה) לְמִשְׁפְּחֹתָיו, עַל עִסְקֵי מִשְׁפָּחוֹת —עַל עֲרָיוֹת הַנֶּאֱסָרוֹת לָהֶם:

בכה למשפחתיו [THEN MOSES HEARD THE PEOPLE] WEEP THROUGHOUT THEIR FAMILIES — i.e. the members of each family gathered together and wept in order to display their discontent in public. Our Rabbis, however, said that למשפחתיו means “the people wept because of family affairs” — because of the intermarriage of blood-relaltives that had been forbidden to them (Sifrei Bamidbar 90; Yoma 75a).

כי תאמר אלי. שֶׁאַתָּה אוֹמֵר אֵלַי שָׂאֵהוּ בְחֵיקֶךָ; וְהֵיכָן אָמַר לוֹ כֵן? "לֵךְ נְחֵה אֶת הָעָם" (שמות ל"ב), וְאוֹמֵר "וַיְצַוֵּם אֶל בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל" (שם ו') — עַל מְנָת שֶׁיִּהְיוּ סוֹקְלִים אֶתְכֶם וּמְחָרְפִים אֶתְכֶם (ספרי):

כי תאמר אלי means, [HAVE I CONCEIVED ALL THIS PEOPLE] THAT THOU SHOULDST always SAY UNTO ME, “Carry them in thy bosom!?” And where did He speak thus to him? When He said to him, (Exodus 32:34) “Go, lead the people”; and it further states, (Exodus 6:13) “[And the Lord spoke unto Moses and unto Aaron] and gave them a charge concerning the children of Israel” saying unto them: “Take charge of them even under the risk (lit., under the condition) that they may stone you or at least insult you” (Sifrei Bamidbar 91; cf. Rashi on that verse).

על האדמה אשר נשבעת לאבתיו. אַתָּה אוֹמֵר לִי לְשֵׂאתָם בְּחֵיקִי:

על האדמה אשר נשבעת לאבתיו UNTO THE LAND WHICH THOU SWAREST UNTO THEIR FATHERS hast Thou bidden me to carry them in my bosom.

ואם ככה את עושה לי. תָּשַׁשׁ כֹּחוֹ שֶׁל מֹשֶׁה כִּנְקֵבָה כְּשֶׁהֶרְאָהוּ הַקָּבָּ"ה הַפֻּרְעָנוּת שֶׁהוּא עָתִיד לְהָבִיא עֲלֵיהֶם עַל זֹאת, אָמַר לְפָנָיו, אִם כֵּן, הָרְגֵנִי תְּחִלָּה:

ואם ככה את עשה לי AND IF THOU DO THUS WITH ME [KILL ME, I PRAY THEE …] — The Hebrew word for “Thou” appears in the feminine form את instead of the masculine אתה to intimate that Moses’ strength grew weak as that of a woman when the Holy one, blessed be He, showed him the punishment which He was to bring in future upon them for this (for their sin). He, (Moses) therefore, said before Him, “If so, kill me first” (Sifrei Bamidbar 91).

ואל אראה ברעתי. בְּרָעָתָם הָיָה לוֹ לִכְתֹּב, אֶלָּא שֶׁכִּנָּה הַכָּתוּב, וְזֶה אֶחָד מִתִּקּוּנֵי סוֹפְרִים בַּתּוֹרָה לְכִנּוּי וּלְתִקּוּן לָשׁוֹן:

ואל אראה ברעתי AND LET ME NOT SEE MY EVIL — It ought to have written (according to the Midrashic explanation above) “and let me not see their evil”, only that Scripture modified the expression (i.e. it used a euphemistic expression referring the evil to himself instead of to the whole people). This is one of the variations occurring in the Torah such as writers make for the purpose of modifying and improving the phrase (cf. Rashi on Genesis 18:22 and Midrash Tanchuma, Beshalach 16).

אספה לי. הֲרֵי תְשׁוּבָה לִתְלוּנָתְךָ שֶׁאָמַרְתָּ לֹא אוּכַל אָנֹכִי לְבַדִּי; וְהַזְּקֵנִים הָרִאשׁוֹנִים הֵיכָן הָיוּ? וַהֲלֹא אַף בְּמִצְרַיִם יָשְׁבוּ עִמָּהֶם, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (שמות ג') "לֵךְ וְאָסַפְתָּ אֶת זִקְנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל"? אֶלָּא בְּאֵשׁ תַּבְעֵרָה מֵתוּ; וּרְאוּיִים הָיוּ לְכָךְ מִסִּינַי, דִּכְתִיב "וַיֶּחֱזוּ אֶת הָאֱלֹהִים" (שם כ"ד) — שֶׁנָּהֲגוּ קַלּוּת רֹאשׁ כְּנוֹשֵׁךְ פִּתּוֹ וּמְדַבֵּר בִּפְנֵי הַמֶּלֶךְ, וְזֶהוּ "וַיֹּאכְלוּ וַיִּשְׁתּוּ", וְלֹא רָצָה הַקָּבָּ"ה לִתֵּן אֲבֵלוּת בְּמַתַּן תּוֹרָה וּפָרַע לָהֶם כָּאן (תנחומא):

אספה לי GATHER UNTO ME [SEVENTY MEN OF THE ELDERS OF ISRAEL] — "This" — the Lord said — “is the reply to your complaint which you uttered (v. 14) I am not able to bear all this people alone”’ (cf. Sifrei Bamidbar 92). But where were the first elders, that God commanded him to gather elders anew? Had they not sat as judges together with them (with Moses and Aaron) in Egypt, as it is stated, (Exodus 3:16) “Go and gather the elders of Israel together”? But these had died by the consuming fire of Taberah (v. 3). They really had deserved this for their conduct at Sinai, as it is said, (Exodus 24:11) "And they beheld God” which means, that they comported themselves irreverently towards God — like a person who nibbles his bread and at the same time addresses the king — for this is the meaning of the words, “[And they saw God] and ate and drank”. The Holy One, blessed be He, however, did not wish to give any cause for mourning at the joyous event of the Lawgiving, and therefore punished them here (at Taberah) (Midrash Tanchuma, Beha'alotcha 16).

אשר ידעת כי הם וגו'. אוֹתָן שֶׁאַתָּה מַכִּיר שֶׁנִּתְמַנּוּ עֲלֵיהֶם שׁוֹטְרִים בְּמִצְרַיִם בַּעֲבוֹדַת פֶּרֶךְ וְהָיוּ מְרַחֲמִים עֲלֵיהֶם וּמֻכִּים עַל יָדָם, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר "וַיֻּכּוּ שֹׁטְרֵי בְנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל" (שמות ה'), עַתָּה יִתְמַנּוּ בִגְדֻלָּתָן כְּדֶרֶךְ שֶׁנִּצְטַעֲרוּ בְּצָרָתָן (עי' ספרי):

אשר ידעת כי הם וגו׳ WHOM THOU KNOWEST TO BE [THE ELDERS OF THE PEOPLE, AND BAILIFFS OVER THEM] — i.e. them whom thou knowest to have been appointed officers (שמרים) over them (the Israelites) in Egypt in connection with the rigorous labour imposed on them, but they pitied them and were smitten by the Egyptian taskmasters on their account — as it is said, (Exodus 5:14) “and the officers of (שמד) the children of Israel were smitten”. Now they were to become officers in their greatness (now when the Israelites had become great) just as they had suffered when they (the Israelites) were in distress (cf. Sifrei Bamidbar 92).

ולקחת אתם. קָחֵם בִּדְבָרִים, "אַשְׁרֵיכֶם שֶׁנִּתְמַנִּיתֶם פַּרְנָסִים עַל בָּנָיו שֶׁל מָקוֹם":

ולקחת אתם AND TAKE THEM [UNTO THE APPOINTED TENT] — win them over with fine words: “Happy are you that you are appointed chiefs over the children of the Omnipresent God” (cf. Sifrei Bamidbar 92).

והתיצבו שם עמך. כְּדֵי שֶׁיִּרְאוּ יִשְׂרָאֵל וְיִנְהֲגוּ בָהֶם גְּדֻלָּה וְכָבוֹד, וְיֹאמְרוּ חֲבִיבִין אֵלּוּ שֶׁנִּכְנְסוּ עִם מֹשֶׁה לִשְׁמֹעַ דִּבּוּר מִפִּי הַקָּבָּ"ה (שם):

והתיצבו שם עמך AND LET THEM PLACE THEMSELVES THERE WITH THEE, in order that the Israelites may see it and do them high esteem and honour, saying, “Beloved indeed must these be since they may enter together with Moses to hear Divine utterance from the mouth of the Holy One, blessed be He!” (Sifrei Bamidbar 92).

וירדתי. זוֹ אַחַת מֵעֶשֶׂר יְרִידוֹת הַכְּתוּבוֹת בַּתּוֹרָה (שם):

וירדתי AND I WILL COME DOWN [AND SPEAK WITH THEE THERE] This is one of the ten instances of the use of the term “coming down” written in the Torah to describe a Divine manifestation on earth (Sifrei Bamidbar 93).

ודברתי עמך. וְלֹא עִמָּהֶם (שם):

ודברתי עמך AND I WILL SPEAK WITH THEE but not with them (Sifrei Bamidbar 93).

ואצלתי. כְּתַרְגּוּמוֹ "וַאֲרַבֵּי", כְּמוֹ "וְאֶל אֲצִילֵי בְּנֵי יִשְֹרָאֵל" (שמות כ"ד):

ואצלתי — Understand this as the Targum does: AND I SHALL MAKE GREAT. Similar is (Exodus 24:11) “And upon the great men of (אצילי) the children of Israel [He laid not his hands]”.

ושמתי עליהם. לְמָה מֹשֶׁה דוֹמֶה בְאוֹתָהּ שָׁעָה? לְנֵר שֶׁמּוּנַח עַל גַּבֵּי מְנוֹרָה וְהַכֹּל מַדְלִיקִין הֵימֶנּוּ וְאֵין אוֹרוֹ חָסֵר כְּלוּם (ספרי):

ושמתי עליהם AND I WILL PUT IT UPON THEM — What was Moses like to at that moment? He was like to a light that is placed in a candlestick at which everybody lights his lamps and yet its illuminating power is not the least diminished (Sifrei Bamidbar 93).

ונשאו אתך. הַתְנֵה עִמָּהֶם עַל מְנָת שֶׁיְּקַבְּלוּ עֲלֵיהֶם טֹרַח בָּנַי, שֶׁהֵם טַרְחָנִים וְסַרְבָנִים (שם):

ונשאו אתך AND THEY SHALL BEAR [THE BURDEN OF THE PEOPLE] WITH THEE — stipulate with them that they shall join you on the understanding that they take upon themselves the burden of my children — because they are troublesome people and refractory (Sifrei Bamidbar 92).

ולא תשא אתה לבדך. הֲרֵי תְשׁוּבָה לְמַה שֶּׁאָמַרְתָּ לֹא אוּכַל אָנֹכִי לְבַדִּי:

ולא תשא אתה לבדך THAT THOU BEAR IT NOT THYSELF ALONE — Here you have the answer to what you have said, (Numbers 11:14) “I am not able [to bear all this people] alone” (cf. Sifrei Bamidbar 93; Rashi on Numbers 11:16).

התקדשו. הַזְמִינוּ עַצְמְכֶם לְפֻרְעָנוּת, וְכֵן הוּא אוֹמֵר (ירמיהו י"ב) "וְהַקְדִּשֵׁם לְיוֹם הֲרֵגָה" (ספרי):

התקדשו means, prepare yourselves to receive punishment. Similarly it states, (Jeremiah 12:3) “and prepare them (והקדשם) for the day of slaughter” (Sifrei Bamidbar 94; cf. Rashi on Exodus 19:10).

עד חדש ימים. זוֹ בַכְּשֵׁרִים, שֶׁמִּתְמַצִּין עַל מִטּוֹתֵיהֶן וְאַחַר כָּךְ נִשְׁמָתָן יוֹצְאָה, וּבָרְשָׁעִים הוּא אוֹמֵר "הַבָּשָׂר עוֹדֶנּוּ בֵּין שִׁנֵּיהֶם" (פסוק ל"ג), כָּךְ הִיא שְׁנוּיָה בְסִפְרֵי, אֲבָל בִּמְכִילְתָּא שְׁנוּיָה חִלּוּף, הָרְשָׁעִים אוֹכְלִים וּמִצְטַעֲרִין שְׁלֹשִׁים יוֹם, וְהַכְּשֵׁרִים הַבָּשָׂר עוֹדֶנּוּ בֵּין שִׁנֵּיהֶם (עי' יומא ע"ה):

עד חדש ימים BUT EVEN A WHOLE MONTH [SHALL YE EAT] — This was said in reference to the comparatively virtuous, who languish on their beds and only afterwards their soul departs from them; in reference to the wicked, however, it states, (v. 33) “and while the flesh was yet between their teeth [the wrath of the Lord glowed against the people]”. Thus is it taught in the Sifrei Bamidbar 94. But in the Mechilta d'Rabbi Yishmael 16:13:1 (on Exodus 16:13) just the opposite is taught: the wicked ate the flesh and were in agony thirty days, while as for the comparatively virtuous, “the flesh was yet between their teeth, etc.” (they suffered no prolonged agony, but died immediately).

עד אשר יצא מאפכם. כְּתַרְגּוּמוֹ "דִי תְקוֹצוּן בֵּיהּ", יְהֵא דוֹמֶה לָכֶם כְּאִלּוּ אֲכַלְתֶּם מִמֶּנּוּ יוֹתֵר מִדַּאי עַד שֶׁיּוֹצֵא וְנִגְעָל לַחוּץ דֶּרֶךְ הָאָף:

עד אשר יצא מאפכם UNTIL IT COME OUT AT YOUR NOSTRILS — Understand this as the Targum does: until that you feel a loathing for it; i.e. it will seem to you that you have eaten more than enough of it, so that it will come out and be ejected by way of the nose.

והיה לכם לזרא. שֶׁתִּהְיוּ מְרַחֲקִין אוֹתוֹ יוֹתֵר מִמַּה שֶּׁקֵּרַבְתֶּם, וּבְדִבְרֵי רַבִּי מֹשֶׁה הַדַּרְשָׁן רָאִיתִי שֶׁיֵּשׁ לָשׁוֹן שֶׁקּוֹרִין לַחֶרֶב זָרָא:

והיה לכם לזרא AND BECOME SOMETHING STRANGE UNTO YOU — This means, that you will cast it away from you even more readily than you previously welcomed it (Sifrei Bamidbar 94). But in the work of Rabbi Moses the Preacher, I have seen it stated that there exists a language in which they call a sword "זרא".

את ה' אשר בקרבכם. אִם לֹא שֶׁנָּטַעְתִּי שְׁכִינָתִי בֵינֵיכֶם, לֹא גָבַהּ לְבַבְכֶם לִכָּנֵס לְכָל הַדְּבָרִים הַלָּלוּ (ספרי):

את ה’ אשר בקרבכם [BECAUSE THAT YE HAVE SCORNED] THE LORD WHO IS AMONG YOU — The latter words appear superfluous, but they are taken to suggest: Unless I had planted my Shechinah among you your heart would not have become so arrogant as to engage in all these matters (Sifrei Bamidbar 94).

שש מאות אלף רגלי. לֹא חָשׁ לִמְנוֹת אֶת הַפְּרָט שְׁלֹשֶׁת אֲלָפִים הַיְתֵרִים; וְרַבִּי מֹשֶׁה הַדַּרְשָׁן פֵּרֵשׁ, שֶׁלֹּא בָכוּ אֶלָּא אוֹתָן שֶׁיָּצְאוּ מִמִּצְרַיִם:

שש מאות אלף רגלי [THE PEOPLE AMONGST WHOM I AM ARE] SIX HUNDRED THOUSAND FOOTMEN — He was not particular to mention also the odd number — the remaining three thousand. But Rabbi Moses the Preacher explained that the number 600,000 is exact because only those who went forth from Egypt wept (since only they could have said, (v. 5) “We remember the fish which we did eat in Egypt”, and they who left Egypt are described, as here, by the term רגלי added to the number 600,000; cf. Exodus 12:37).

הצאן ובקר ישחט. זֶה אֶחָד מֵאַרְבָּעָה דְּבָרִים שֶׁהָיָה רַבִּי עֲקִיבָא דּוֹרֵשׁ וְאֵין רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן דּוֹרֵשׁ כְּמוֹתוֹ, רַבִּי עֲקִיבָא אוֹמֵר שש מאות אלף רגלי ואתה אמרת בשר אתן להם ואכלו חדש ימים הצאן ובקר, הַכֹּל כְּמַשְׁמָעוֹ, מִי מַסְפִּיק לָהֶם? כָּעִנְיָן שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (ויקרא כ"ה) "וּמָצָא כְּדֵי גְאֻלָּתוֹ". וְאֵיזוֹ קָשָׁה, זוֹ אוֹ שִׁמְעוּ נָא הַמֹּרִים? אֶלָּא לְפִי שֶׁלֹּא אָמַר בָּרַבִּים, חִסֵּךְ לוֹ הַכָּתוּב וְלֹא נִפְרַע מִמֶּנּוּ, וְזוֹ שֶׁל מְרִיבָה הָיְתָה בְּגָלוּי, לְפִיכָךְ לֹא חִסֵּךְ לוֹ הַכָּתוּב; רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן אוֹמֵר, חַס וְשָׁלוֹם, לֹא עָלְתָה עַל דַּעְתּוֹ שֶׁל אוֹתוֹ צַדִיק כָּךְ, מִי שֶׁכָּתוּב בּוֹ "בְּכָל בֵּיתִי נֶאֱמָן הוּא" (במדבר י"ב) יֹאמַר אֵין הַמָּקוֹם מַסְפִּיק לָנוּ? אֶלָּא כָּךְ אָמַר, שש מאות אלף רגלי וגו' ואתה אמרת בשר אתן לְחֹדֶשׁ יָמִים, וְאַחַר כָּךְ תַּהֲרֹג אֻמָּה גְדוֹלָה כָּזוֹ, הצאן ובקר ישחט להם כְּדֵי שֶׁיֵּהָרְגוּ וּתְהִי אֲכִילָה זוֹ מַסְפַּקְתָּן עַד עוֹלָם? וְכִי שִׁבְחֲךָ הוּא זֶה? אוֹמְרִים לוֹ לַחֲמוֹר טֹל כֹּר שְׂעוֹרִים וְנַחְתֹּךְ רֹאשְׁךָ? הֱשִׁיבוֹ הַקָּבָּ"ה, וְאִם לֹא אֶתֵּן יֹאמְרוּ שֶׁקָּצְרָה יָדִי, הֲטוֹב בְּעֵינֶיךָ שֶׁיַּד ה' תִּקְצַר בְּעֵינֵיהֶם? יֹאבְדוּ הֵם וּמֵאָה כַּיּוֹצֵא בָהֶם וְאַל תְּהִי יָדִי קְצָרָה לִפְנֵיהֶם אֲפִלּוּ שָׁעָה אַחַת:

הצאן והבקר ישחט SHALL THE FLOCKS AND HERDS BE SLAUGHTERED [FOR THEM TO SUFFICE THEM?] — This is one of those four things (Biblical passages) which R. Akiba interpreted in a certain way but R. Simeon did not interpret them similarly. Rabbi Akiba says: שש מאות אלף רגלי ... ואתה אמרת בשר אתן להם ואכלו חדש ימים הצאן ובקר — all this is to be taken literally and the words ומצא להם should be rendered by “would it suffice for them?”, in the same sense as we find this word used in (Leviticus 25:26) “and he have sufficient (ומצא כדי) for redeeming it" (ומצא להם is taken as the equivalent of ומצא כדי להם). Now — R. Akiba continued — which case was worse? This or that when Moses exclaimed, (Numbers 20:10) Hear now, ye rebels!?” Obviously this case here was worse, only because he did not utter his doubt in public, Scripture (God) showed some regard for him and did not punish him, whilst that sin at Meriba took place in public, therefore Scripture does not show any regard for him. Rabbi Simeon, however, says: “God forbid!” — “Such an idea never entered the mind of that righteous man! He of whom Scripture writes, (Numbers 12:7) ‘He is faithful in all my house’ — would he have said, ‘The Omnipresent cannot supply sufficient for us!’ But what he said was this: ‘[the people, amongst whom I am, are] six hundred thousand footmen; and Thou hast said, I will give them flesh, for a whole month — and then You want to kill a nation so great as this is?! Shall the flocks and the herds be slaughtered for them that they (the people) should immediately be killed, and this eating should be their last (lit., should satisfy them for ever: ומצא להם)?! Is this Your praise? Do people say to an ass, take (eat) this Kor of barley and then we will cut off thy head!’? The Holy One, blessed be He, thereupon said to him, ‘But if I do not give them flesh, they will say that My hand has waxed short; would it be pleasing to you that the hand of the Lord should appear in their eyes to have waxed short? — Let them and a hundred like them perish but let not My hand appear to them to have waxed short even for a single moment’!” (Tosefta Sotah 6:4)

עתה תראה היקרך דברי. רַבָּן גַּמְלִיאֵל בְּנוֹ שֶׁל רַבִּי יְהוּדָה הַנָּשִׂיא אוֹמֵר, אִי אֶפְשָׁר לַעֲמֹד עַל הַטָּפֵל, מֵאַחַר שֶׁאֵינָן מְבַקְשִׁים אֶלָּא עֲלִילָה, לֹא תַסְפִּיק לָהֶם, סוֹפָן לָדוּן אַחֲרֶיךָ: אִם אַתָּה נוֹתֵן לָהֶם בְּשַׂר בְּהֵמָה גַסָּה, יֹאמְרוּ דַּקָּה בִקַּשְׁנוּ, וְאִם אַתָּה נוֹתֵן לָהֶם דַּקָּה, יֹאמְרוּ גַּסָּה בִקַּשְׁנוּ, חַיָּה וָעוֹף בִּקַּשְׁנוּ, דָּגִים וַחֲגָבִים בִּקַּשְׁנוּ, אָמַר לוֹ, אִם כֵּן יֹאמְרוּ שֶׁקָּצְרָה יָדִי, אָמַר לְפָנָיו, הֲרֵינִי הוֹלֵךְ וּמְפַיְּסָן, אָמַר לוֹ עתה תראה היקרך דברי — שֶׁלֹּא יִשְׁמְעוּ לְךָ. הָלַךְ מֹשֶׁה לְפַיְּסָן, אָמַר לָהֶם היד ה' תקצר, "הֵן הִכָּה צוּר וַיָּזוּבוּ מַיִם וְגוֹ' הֲגַם לֶחֶם יוּכַל תֵּת" (תהלים ע"ח), אָמְרוּ, פְּשָׁרָה הִיא זוֹ, אֵין בּוֹ כֹּחַ לְמַלֹּאות שְׁאֵלָתֵנוּ; וְזֶהוּ שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר ויצא משה וידבר אל העם, כֵּיוָן שֶׁלֹּא שָׁמְעוּ לוֹ, ויאסף שבעים איש וגו' (עי' ספרי):

עתה תראה היקרך דברי THOU SHALT SEE NOW WHETHER MY WORD SHALL COME TO PASS UNTO THEE [OR NOT]. — R. Gamliel, the son of R. Judah ha-Nasi said, “The dialogue took the following course: Moses said, “One can never understand a babbler! (One can never fathom his meaning.) Since they are merely seeking a pretext You will never satisfy them (the meaning of the text is: If all the cattle in the world were slaughtered for them, ומצא להם, would this suffice them, i. e., would they be satisfied with that?), in the end they will always argue against You. If You give them flesh of large cattle (oxen) they will say ‘We wanted that of small cattle (sheep)’; if You will give them flesh of sheep, they will say We wanted that of oxen’, or, ‘we wanted wild beasts (venison) and fowls’, ‘we wanted fish and locusts!’ Thereupon He said to him, ‘If that be so and I give them nothing at all, they will say that My hand has waxed short!’ “Moses thereupon said, “I will go and appease them”. He answered him: “Thou shalt see now whether My word shall come to pass unto thee — for they will not listen to thee”. Moses went to appease them and said to them, “Is the hand of the Lord waxed short? Behold, he continued with the words used later by the Psalmist, (Psalms 78:20): “He smote the rock that the waters gushed out, etc. Surely then he can give bread also [and can provide flesh for His people!]”. But they (the Israelites) said: “This what you have said is only a compromise (a way of satisfying us). He has really no power to grant our request!” This is what Scripture means by: “and Moses went out and spake to the people [the words of the Lord]” (i.e. he told them the words used by the Lord only with a different implication). Since, however, they would not listen to him, he gathered the seventy men of the elders [of the people] etc.” (cf. Sifrei Bamidbar 95:1; Tosefta Sota 6:4).

ולא יספו. לֹא נִתְנַבְּאוּ אֶלָּא אוֹתוֹ הַיּוֹם לְבַדּוֹ, כָּךְ מְפֹרָשׁ בְּסִפְרֵי, וְאֻנְקְלוֹס תִּרְגֵּם "וְלָא פָסְקִין", שֶׁלֹּא פָסְקָה נְבוּאָה מֵהֶם:

ולא יספו [AND THEY PROPHESIED] BUT DID NOT CONTINUE (to prophesy) — i. e. they prophesied only that day alone. Thus is the phrase explained in Siphre. Onkelos, however, rendered renders it ולא פסקין “and they did not cease”, meaning that the gift of prophecy never again departed from them (cf. Sanhedrin 17a and Rashi on Deuteronomy 5:19).

וישארו שני אנשים. מֵאוֹתָן שֶׁנִּבְחֲרוּ, אָמְרוּ אֵין אָנוּ כְּדַאי לִגְדֻלָּה זוֹ (עי' סנהדרין י"ז):

וישארו שני אנשים BUT THERE REMAINED TWO MEN [IN THE CAMP] — i. e. two of them that had been selected. They remained, in the camp because they said, “We are not worthy of this distinction” (Sifrei Bamidbar 95:2).

והמה בכתבים. בַּמְבֹרָרִים שֶׁבָּהֶם לְסַנְהֶדְרִין, וְנִכְתְּבוּ כֻלָּם נְקוּבִים בְּשֵׁמוֹת וְעַ"יְ גּוֹרָל, לְפִי שֶׁהַחֶשְׁבּוֹן עוֹלֶה לְי"ב שְׁבָטִים שִׁשָּׁה שִׁשָּׁה לְכָל שֵׁבֶט וָשֵׁבֶט, חוּץ מִשְּׁנֵי שְׁבָטִים שֶׁאֵין מַגִּיעַ אֲלֵיהֶם אֶלָּא חֲמִשָּׁה חֲמִשָּׁה, אָמַר מֹשֶׁה אֵין שֵׁבֶט שׁוֹמֵעַ לִי לִפְחוֹת מִשִּׁבְטוֹ זָקֵן אֶחָד, מֶה עָשָׂה, נָטַל ע"ב פְתָקִין וְכָתַב עַל שִׁבְעִים "זָקֵן" וְעַל שְׁנַיִם חָלָק וּבֵרֵר מִכָּל שֵׁבֶט וָשֵׁבֶט שִׁשָּה, וְהָיוּ ע"ב, אָמַר לָהֶם, טְלוּ פִתְקֵיכֶם מִתּוֹךְ קַלְפִּי, מִי שֶׁעָלָה בְיָדוֹ "זָקֵן" נִתְקַדֵּשׁ, מִי שֶׁעָלָה בְיָדוֹ חָלָק אָמַר לוֹ, הַמָּקוֹם לֹא חָפֵץ בָּךְ (ספרי; סנהדרין י"ז):

והמה בכתובים [BUT THERE REMAINED TWO MEN IN THE CAMP] … AND THEY WERE AMONGST THEM THAT WERE WRITTEN — i.e. they were amongst those of them (of the people) who had been selected to constitute the Sanhedrion. For all these were written down, mentioned expressly by their names, but the requisite number was chosen by lot, because the calculation gives for twelve tribes, six elders for each tribe, with the exception of two tribes to each of which there would belong only five elders. Moses said, “No tribe will listen to me to have one elder less for his tribe!” What did he do? He took seventy-two tablets and wrote on seventy of them the word “Elder” and on two he left the surface blank. He then selected six men of each tribe so that there were altogether 72. He said to them, “Draw your tablets from the urn”. He in whose hand there came up a tablet bearing the inscription “Elder” was set apart as a member of the Sanhedrion, whilst to him in whose hand there came up a blank tablet, he said, “The Omnipresent does not require you” (Sifrei Bamidbar 95:2; Sanhedrin 17a).

וירץ הנער. יֵ"א גֵּרְשׁוֹם בֶּן מֹשֶׁה הָיָה (עי' ילקוט):

וירץ הנער THERE RAN THE LAD — There are some who say that it was Gershom, the son of Moses (Midrash Tanchuma, Beha'alotcha 12).

כלאם. הַטֵּל עֲלֵיהֶם צָרְכֵי צִבּוּר וְהֵם כָּלִים מֵאֲלֵיהֶם; דָּ"אַ, תְּנֵם אֶל בֵּית הַכֶּלֶא, לְפִי שֶׁהָיוּ מִתְנַבְּאִים מֹשֶׁה מֵת וִיהוֹשֻׁעַ מַכְנִיס אֶת יִשְׂרָאֵל לָאָרֶץ (עי' ספרי):

כלאם — (This is taken as the equivalent of כַּלֵּם, “destroy them”, “make an end of them”; cf. Rashi on Exodus 17:9) — He meant: cast upon them the responsibility for public affairs and they will of themselves soon come to an end (through the worry and anxiety this entails). — Another explanation is: that the word means put them into prison (כלא). He said this because they were prophesying, “Moses will die and Joshua will bring Israel into the Land” (cf. Sifrei Bamidbar 96; Sanhedrin 17a).

המקנא אתה לי. הֲקִנְאָתִי אַתָּה מְקַנֵּא:

המקנא אתה לי means, “art thou envying where I should envy”.

לי. כְּמוֹ בִּשְׁבִילִי; כָּל לְשׁוֹן קִנְאָה אָדָם הַנּוֹתֵן לֵב עַל הַדָּבָר, אוֹ לִנְקֹם, אוֹ לַעֲזֹר, אנפר"מנט בְּלַעַז, אוֹחֵז בְּעֹבִי הַמַּשָּׂא:

לי — the word לי meaning the same as בשבילי, “for my sake”. Wherever an expression of the root קנא is used it implies that a person sets his heart on the matter, whether it be to take vengeance or to help; — emportement in O. F. (English = zeal) — he holds the thickest (heaviest) part of the load (i.e. he takes the responsibility for carrying out a matter).