כ״ח
ט״זוּבַחֹ֣דֶשׁ הָרִאשׁ֗וֹן בְּאַרְבָּעָ֥ה עָשָׂ֛ר י֖וֹם לַחֹ֑דֶשׁ פֶּ֖סַח לַיהֹוָֽה׃
16In the first month, on the fourteenth day of the month, there shall be a passover sacrifice to GOD,
י״זוּבַחֲמִשָּׁ֨ה עָשָׂ֥ר י֛וֹם לַחֹ֥דֶשׁ הַזֶּ֖ה חָ֑ג שִׁבְעַ֣ת יָמִ֔ים מַצּ֖וֹת יֵאָכֵֽל׃
17and on the fifteenth day of that month a festival. Unleavened bread shall be eaten for seven days.
י״חבַּיּ֥וֹם הָרִאשׁ֖וֹן מִקְרָא־קֹ֑דֶשׁ כׇּל־מְלֶ֥אכֶת עֲבֹדָ֖ה לֹ֥א תַעֲשֽׂוּ׃
18The first day shall be a sacred occasion: you shall not work at your occupations.
כל מלאכת עבדה. אֲפִלּוּ מְלָאכָה הַצְּרִיכָה לָכֶם, כְּגוֹן דָּבָר הָאָבֵד, הַמֻּתָּר בְּחֻלּוֹ שֶׁל מוֹעֵד, אֲסוּרָה בְּי"ט:
כל מלאכת עבדה [YE SHALL DO] NO SERVILE WORK — even work that is a necessity for you, as, for instance, a matter that may become lost (that cannot be postponed without irretrievable loss) and which is permissible on the intermediate days of Passover and Tabernacles (lit., the week days of the Festival) is forbidden on the Festival itself (see Rashi on Leviticus 23:8).
י״טוְהִקְרַבְתֶּ֨ם אִשֶּׁ֤ה עֹלָה֙ לַֽיהֹוָ֔ה פָּרִ֧ים בְּנֵי־בָקָ֛ר שְׁנַ֖יִם וְאַ֣יִל אֶחָ֑ד וְשִׁבְעָ֤ה כְבָשִׂים֙ בְּנֵ֣י שָׁנָ֔ה תְּמִימִ֖ם יִהְי֥וּ לָכֶֽם׃
19You shall present an offering by fire, a burnt offering, to GOD: two bulls of the herd, one ram, and seven yearling lambs—see that they areesee that they are Lit. “they shall be to you.” without blemish.
פרים. כְּנֶגֶד אַבְרָהָם שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר "וְאֶל הַבָּקָר רָץ אַבְרָהָם" (בראשית י"ח):
פרים BULLOCKS — in allusion to Abraham, as it is said, (Genesis 18:7) “And unto the herd (the bullock) Abraham ran”,
אילים. כְּנֶגֶד אֵילוֹ שֶׁל יִצְחָק:
אילים RAMS — in allusion to the ram of Isaac (Genesis 22:13).
כבשים. כְּנֶגֶד יַעֲקֹב שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר "וְהַכְּשָׂבִים הִפְרִיד יַעֲקֹב" (שם ל'); בִּיסוֹדוֹ שֶׁל רַ' מֹשֶׁה הַדַּרְשָׁן רָאִיתִי זֹאת:
כבשים LAMBS — in allusion to Jacob, as it is said, (Genesis 30:40) “And the lambs did Jacob set aside”. I saw this in the work of R. Moses the Preacher (see Rashi on Numbers 7:21).
כ׳וּמִ֨נְחָתָ֔ם סֹ֖לֶת בְּלוּלָ֣ה בַשָּׁ֑מֶן שְׁלֹשָׁ֨ה עֶשְׂרֹנִ֜ים לַפָּ֗ר וּשְׁנֵ֧י עֶשְׂרֹנִ֛ים לָאַ֖יִל תַּעֲשֽׂוּ׃
20The grain offering with them shall be of choice flour with oil mixed in: prepare three-tenths of a measure for a bull, two-tenths for a ram;
כ״אעִשָּׂר֤וֹן עִשָּׂרוֹן֙ תַּעֲשֶׂ֔ה לַכֶּ֖בֶשׂ הָאֶחָ֑ד לְשִׁבְעַ֖ת הַכְּבָשִֽׂים׃
21and for each of the seven lambs prepare one-tenth of a measure.
כ״בוּשְׂעִ֥יר חַטָּ֖את אֶחָ֑ד לְכַפֵּ֖ר עֲלֵיכֶֽם׃
22And there shall be one goat for a purgation offering, to make expiation in your behalf.
כ״גמִלְּבַד֙ עֹלַ֣ת הַבֹּ֔קֶר אֲשֶׁ֖ר לְעֹלַ֣ת הַתָּמִ֑יד תַּעֲשׂ֖וּ אֶת־אֵֽלֶּה׃
23You shall present these in addition to the morning portion of the regular burnt offering.
כ״דכָּאֵ֜לֶּה תַּעֲשׂ֤וּ לַיּוֹם֙ שִׁבְעַ֣ת יָמִ֔ים לֶ֛חֶם אִשֵּׁ֥ה רֵֽיחַ־נִיחֹ֖חַ לַיהֹוָ֑ה עַל־עוֹלַ֧ת הַתָּמִ֛יד יֵעָשֶׂ֖ה וְנִסְכּֽוֹ׃
24You shall offer the like daily for seven days as food, an offering by fire of pleasing odor to GOD; they shall be offered, with their libations, in addition to the regular burnt offering.
כאלה תעשו ליום. שֶׁלֹּא יִהְיוּ פוֹחֲתִין וְהוֹלְכִין כְּפָרֵי הֶחָג (ספרי):
כאלו תעשו ליום LIKE THESE YE SHALL OFFER ON EACH DAY — Like these mentioned: this implies that they are not continuously to decrease in number on each day as do the bullocks brought on the Feast of Tabernacles (Numbers 29:12—34) (Sifrei Bamidbar 147:2).
כ״הוּבַיּוֹם֙ הַשְּׁבִיעִ֔י מִקְרָא־קֹ֖דֶשׁ יִהְיֶ֣ה לָכֶ֑ם כׇּל־מְלֶ֥אכֶת עֲבֹדָ֖ה לֹ֥א תַעֲשֽׂוּ׃ {ס}
25And the seventh day shall be a sacred occasion for you: you shall not work at your occupations.
כ״ווּבְי֣וֹם הַבִּכּוּרִ֗ים בְּהַקְרִ֨יבְכֶ֜ם מִנְחָ֤ה חֲדָשָׁה֙ לַֽיהֹוָ֔ה בְּשָׁבֻעֹ֖תֵיכֶ֑ם מִֽקְרָא־קֹ֙דֶשׁ֙ יִהְיֶ֣ה לָכֶ֔ם כׇּל־מְלֶ֥אכֶת עֲבֹדָ֖ה לֹ֥א תַעֲשֽׂוּ׃
26On the day of the first fruits, your Feast of Weeks, when you bring an offering of new grain to GOD, you shall observe a sacred occasion: you shall not work at your occupations.
וביום הבכורים. חַג הַשָּׁבוּעוֹת קָרוּי בִּכּוּרֵי קְצִיר חִטִּים עַל שֵׁם שְׁתֵּי הַלֶּחֶם, שֶׁהֵם רִאשׁוֹנִים לְמִנְחַת חִטִּים הַבָּאִים מִן הֶחָדָשׁ (מנחות פ"ד):
וביום הבכורים AND ON THE DAY OF THE FIRSTLINGS — The Feast of Weeks is called the firstlings of the wheat harvest (Exodus 34:22) because of the two loaves (Leviticus 23:17) which were the first of the wheat meal offerings which were brought from the new grain (Menachot 84b).
כ״זוְהִקְרַבְתֶּ֨ם עוֹלָ֜ה לְרֵ֤יחַ נִיחֹ֙חַ֙ לַֽיהֹוָ֔ה פָּרִ֧ים בְּנֵי־בָקָ֛ר שְׁנַ֖יִם אַ֣יִל אֶחָ֑ד שִׁבְעָ֥ה כְבָשִׂ֖ים בְּנֵ֥י שָׁנָֽה׃
27You shall present a burnt offering of pleasing odor to GOD: two bulls of the herd, one ram, seven yearling lambs.
כ״חוּמִ֨נְחָתָ֔ם סֹ֖לֶת בְּלוּלָ֣ה בַשָּׁ֑מֶן שְׁלֹשָׁ֤ה עֶשְׂרֹנִים֙ לַפָּ֣ר הָֽאֶחָ֔ד שְׁנֵי֙ עֶשְׂרֹנִ֔ים לָאַ֖יִל הָאֶחָֽד׃
28The grain offering with them shall be of choice flour with oil mixed in, three-tenths of a measure for a bull, two-tenths for a ram,
כ״טעִשָּׂרוֹן֙ עִשָּׂר֔וֹן לַכֶּ֖בֶשׂ הָאֶחָ֑ד לְשִׁבְעַ֖ת הַכְּבָשִֽׂים׃
29and one-tenth for each of the seven lambs.
ל׳שְׂעִ֥יר עִזִּ֖ים אֶחָ֑ד לְכַפֵּ֖ר עֲלֵיכֶֽם׃
30And there shall be one goat for expiation in your behalf.
ל״אמִלְּבַ֞ד עֹלַ֧ת הַתָּמִ֛יד וּמִנְחָת֖וֹ תַּעֲשׂ֑וּ תְּמִימִ֥ם יִהְיוּ־לָכֶ֖ם וְנִסְכֵּיהֶֽם׃ {פ}
31You shall present them—see that they arefsee that they are See note at v. 19. without blemish—with their libations, in addition to the regular burnt offering and its grain offering.
תמימם יהיו לכם ונסכיהם. אַף הַנְּסָכִים יִהְיוּ תְמִימִים, לָמְדוּ רַבּוֹתֵינוּ מִכָּאן שֶׁהַיַּיִן שֶׁהֶעֱלָה קְמָחִין פָּסוּל לִנְסָכִים (שם פ"ז):
תמימים יהיו לכם ונסכיהם THEY SHALL BE TO YOU WITHOUT BLEMISH, AND THEIR DRINK OFFERINGS — i.e. the drink offerings, too, shall be without blemish. Our Rabbis learned from this that wine upon which mold shows itself is unfit for drink-offerings (Menachot 87a).
כ״ט
א׳וּבַחֹ֨דֶשׁ הַשְּׁבִיעִ֜י בְּאֶחָ֣ד לַחֹ֗דֶשׁ מִֽקְרָא־קֹ֙דֶשׁ֙ יִהְיֶ֣ה לָכֶ֔ם כׇּל־מְלֶ֥אכֶת עֲבֹדָ֖ה לֹ֣א תַעֲשׂ֑וּ י֥וֹם תְּרוּעָ֖ה יִהְיֶ֥ה לָכֶֽם׃
1In the seventh month, on the first day of the month, you shall observe a sacred occasion: you shall not work at your occupations. You shall observe it as a day when the horn is sounded.aa day when the horn is sounded Or “a day of festivity.”
ב׳וַעֲשִׂיתֶ֨ם עֹלָ֜ה לְרֵ֤יחַ נִיחֹ֙חַ֙ לַֽיהֹוָ֔ה פַּ֧ר בֶּן־בָּקָ֛ר אֶחָ֖ד אַ֣יִל אֶחָ֑ד כְּבָשִׂ֧ים בְּנֵי־שָׁנָ֛ה שִׁבְעָ֖ה תְּמִימִֽם׃
2You shall present a burnt offering of pleasing odor to GOD: one bull of the herd, one ram, and seven yearling lambs, without blemish.
ג׳וּמִ֨נְחָתָ֔ם סֹ֖לֶת בְּלוּלָ֣ה בַשָּׁ֑מֶן שְׁלֹשָׁ֤ה עֶשְׂרֹנִים֙ לַפָּ֔ר שְׁנֵ֥י עֶשְׂרֹנִ֖ים לָאָֽיִל׃
3The grain offering with them—choice flour with oil mixed in—shall be: three-tenths of a measure for a bull, two-tenths for a ram,
ד׳וְעִשָּׂר֣וֹן אֶחָ֔ד לַכֶּ֖בֶשׂ הָאֶחָ֑ד לְשִׁבְעַ֖ת הַכְּבָשִֽׂים׃
4and one-tenth for each of the seven lambs.
ה׳וּשְׂעִיר־עִזִּ֥ים אֶחָ֖ד חַטָּ֑את לְכַפֵּ֖ר עֲלֵיכֶֽם׃
5And there shall be one goat for a purgation offering, to make expiation in your behalf—
ו׳מִלְּבַד֩ עֹלַ֨ת הַחֹ֜דֶשׁ וּמִנְחָתָ֗הּ וְעֹלַ֤ת הַתָּמִיד֙ וּמִנְחָתָ֔הּ וְנִסְכֵּיהֶ֖ם כְּמִשְׁפָּטָ֑ם לְרֵ֣יחַ נִיחֹ֔חַ אִשֶּׁ֖ה לַיהֹוָֽה׃ {ס}
6in addition to the burnt offering of the new moon with its grain offering and the regular burnt offering with its grain offering, each with its libation as prescribed, offerings by fire of pleasing odor to GOD.
מלבד עלת החדש. מוּסְפֵי רֹאשׁ חֹדֶשׁ שֶׁהוּא בְיוֹם רֹאשׁ הַשָּׁנָה:
מלבד עלת החדש BESIDES THE BURNT OFFERING OF THE NEW MOON — besides the additional offerings of the New Moon which is on the New Year Festival (the New Moon of the seventh month).
ז׳וּבֶעָשׂוֹר֩ לַחֹ֨דֶשׁ הַשְּׁבִיעִ֜י הַזֶּ֗ה מִֽקְרָא־קֹ֙דֶשׁ֙ יִהְיֶ֣ה לָכֶ֔ם וְעִנִּיתֶ֖ם אֶת־נַפְשֹׁתֵיכֶ֑ם כׇּל־מְלָאכָ֖ה לֹ֥א תַעֲשֽׂוּ׃
7On the tenth day of the same seventh month you shall observe a sacred occasion when you shall practice self-denial. You shall do no work.
ח׳וְהִקְרַבְתֶּ֨ם עֹלָ֤ה לַֽיהֹוָה֙ רֵ֣יחַ נִיחֹ֔חַ פַּ֧ר בֶּן־בָּקָ֛ר אֶחָ֖ד אַ֣יִל אֶחָ֑ד כְּבָשִׂ֤ים בְּנֵֽי־שָׁנָה֙ שִׁבְעָ֔ה תְּמִימִ֖ם יִהְי֥וּ לָכֶֽם׃
8You shall present to GOD a burnt offering of pleasing odor: one bull of the herd, one ram, seven yearling lambs; see that they arebsee that they are See note at 28.19. without blemish.
ט׳וּמִ֨נְחָתָ֔ם סֹ֖לֶת בְּלוּלָ֣ה בַשָּׁ֑מֶן שְׁלֹשָׁ֤ה עֶשְׂרֹנִים֙ לַפָּ֔ר שְׁנֵי֙ עֶשְׂרֹנִ֔ים לָאַ֖יִל הָאֶחָֽד׃
9The grain offering with them—of choice flour with oil mixed in—shall be: three-tenths of a measure for a bull, two-tenths for the one ram,
י׳עִשָּׂרוֹן֙ עִשָּׂר֔וֹן לַכֶּ֖בֶשׂ הָאֶחָ֑ד לְשִׁבְעַ֖ת הַכְּבָשִֽׂים׃
10one-tenth for each of the seven lambs.
י״אשְׂעִיר־עִזִּ֥ים אֶחָ֖ד חַטָּ֑את מִלְּבַ֞ד חַטַּ֤את הַכִּפֻּרִים֙ וְעֹלַ֣ת הַתָּמִ֔יד וּמִנְחָתָ֖הּ וְנִסְכֵּיהֶֽם׃ {ס}
11And there shall be one goat for a purgation offering, in addition to the purgation offering of expiation and the regular burnt offering with its grain offering, each with its libation.
מלבד חטאת הכפרים. שָׂעִיר הַנַּעֲשֶׂה בִּפְנִים הָאָמוּר בְּאַחֲרֵי מוֹת, שֶׁגַּם הוּא חַטָּאת:
מלבד חטאת הכפורים BESIDES THE SIN OFFERING OF EXPIATION — i.e. the goat whose rite was performed within the Holy of Holies, which is mentioned in the Sedrah אחרי מות — for it, too, was a חטאת, a sin offering, (Leviticus 16:9).
ועלת התמיד. וּמִלְּבַד עוֹלַת הַתָּמִיד תַּעֲשׂוּ עוֹלוֹת הַלָּלוּ:
ועלת התמיד AND THE CONTINUAL BURNT OFFERING — This means: and besides the continual burnt offering, ye shall offer these burnt offerings mentioned in v. 8.
ונסכיהם. מוּסָב עַל הַמּוּסָפִין הַכְּתוּבִים וְעַל תַּעֲשׂוּ, וְהוּא לְשׁוֹן צִוּוּי — מִלְּבַד עוֹלַת הַתָּמִיד וּמִנְחָתָהּ תַּעֲשׂוּ אֶת אֵלֶּה וְנִסְכֵּיהֶם, וְכֵן כָּל נִסְכֵּיהֶם הָאֲמוּרִים בְּכָל הַמּוֹעֲדוֹת חוּץ מִשֶּׁל קָרְבְּנוֹת הֶחָג, שֶׁכָּל וְנִסְכָּהּ, וְנִסְכֵּיהֶם, וּנְסָכֶיהָ שֶׁבָּהֶם מוּסַבִּים עַל הַתָּמִיד, וְאֵינָן לְשׁוֹן צִוּוּי, שֶׁהֲרֵי נִסְכֵּיהֶם שֶׁל מוּסָפִין כְּתוּבִין לְעַצְמָן בְּכָל יוֹם וָיוֹם:
ונסכיהם AND THEIR DRINK OFFERINGS — This word refers to the additional offerings which have been written about (v. 8) and to the word תעשו (which Rashi has supplied). It expresses a command: [besides the sin offering of expiation and] besides the continual burnt offering [and its drink offering] ye shall offer these (mentioned in v. 8) and their drink-offerings. Similar, too, is the meaning every time the expression נסכיהם is mentioned in connection with the offerings of the Festivals (that it alludes to the drink-offerings brought with the additional sacrifices of that Festival), except when used of those of the Feast of Tabernacles, (vv. 17—38) where all such expressions, — ונסכה and ונסכיהם and ונסכיה — which occur in the paragraph about them refer to the תמיד (cf. e.g., v. 15: עלת התמיד מנחתה ונסכה). Nor do they there express a command, for, indeed, the drink offerings that accompany the additional offerings are written down separately for each day (i.e., are specifically commanded for each day, cf. e. g., v. 18: ומנחתם).