Chumashחומש

לקח. כְּמוֹ קַח. וּשְׁתֵּי גְזִירוֹת הֵן, אַחַת שֶׁל קִיחָה וְאַחַת שֶׁל לְקִיחָה, וְלָהֶן פִּתְרוֹן אֶחָד:

לקח This is the same as קח (the imperative, “Take thou” and must not be regarded as the infinitive). There are two forms of the root: one is קח and the other לקח, both having the same meaning.

פר אחד. לְכַפֵּר עַל מַעֲשֵׂה הָעֵגֶל שֶׁהוּא פַּר:

פר אחד ONE BULLOCK — to atone for the incident of worshipping the golden calf which is of the bullock species (cf. Sifra on Leviticus 9:2).

ולחם מצות וחלת מצת ורקיקי מצות. הֲרֵי אֵלּוּ שְׁלֹשָׁה מִינִין רְבוּכָה, וְחַלּוֹת וּרְקִיקִים לֶחֶם מַצּוֹת, הִיא הַקְּרוּיָה לְמַטָּה בָּעִנְיָן (פסוק כג) חַלַּת לֶחֶם שֶׁמֶן, עַל שֵׁם שֶׁנּוֹתֵן שֶׁמֶן בָּרְבוּכָה כְּנֶגֶד הַחַלּוֹת וְהָרְקִיקִין, וְכָל הַמִּינִין בָּאִים עֶשֶׂר עֶשֶׂר חַלּוֹת:

ולחם מצות וחלת מצת ... ורקיקי מצות AND UNLEAVENED BREAD, AND PIERCED CAKES UNLEAVENED … AND WAFERS UNLEAVENED — Here you have these three kinds: “satured” with scalding water, and pierced cakes, and wafers. The לחם מצות, “unleavened bread” mentioned here is that which is termed further on in this section (v. 23) חלת לחם שמן, “pierced cake of oiled bread”, being so termed because they put unto the saturated dough as much oil as they put into the pieced cakes and wafers together (Menachot 89a). Of each of these kinds there were brought ten cakes (Menachot 76a).

בלולת בשמן. כְּשֶׁהֵן קֶמַח יוֹצֵק בָּהֶן שֶׁמֶן וּבוֹלְלָן:

בלולת בשמן [CAKES] MINGLED WITH OIL — whilst they were still meal they poured oil into them and mixed them up (Menachot 75a).

משחים בשמן. אַחַר אֲפִיָּתָן מוֹשְׁחָן כְּמִין כִי יְוָנִית, שֶׁהִיא עֲשׂוּיָה כְּנוּ"ן שֶׁלָּנוּ:

משחים בשמן ANOINTED WITH OIL — after they were baked they anointed them in the form of a Greek Chi (X), which is formed like our נ (Menachot 74b and Rashi thereon; Menachot 75a).

והקרבת אתם. אֶל חֲצַר הַמִּשְׁכָּן בְּיוֹם הֲקָמָתוֹ:

והקרבת אתם AND THOU SHALT OFFER THEM (lit., bring them near) to the court of the Tabernacle on the day when it will be first erected.

ורחצת. זוֹ טְבִילַת כָּל הַגּוּף:

ורחצת AND THOU SHALT WASH [THEM] — This signifies the immersion of the entire body (cf. Targum Jonathan).

ואפדת. קַשֵּׁט וְתַקֵּן הַחֲגוֹרָה וְהַסִּינָר סְבִיבוֹתָיו:

ואפדת AND THOU SHALT FASTEN [THE EPHOD ON] — adorn and arrange the girdle and the apron around him.

נזר הקדש. זֶה הַצִּיץ:

נזר הקדש THE DIADEM OF HOLINESS — This refers to the Plate.

על המצנפת. כְּמוֹ שֶׁפֵּרַשְׁתִּי לְמַעְלָה – עַל יְדֵי הַפְּתִיל הָאֶמְצָעִי וּשְׁנֵי פְתִילִין שֶׁבְּרֹאשׁוֹ, הַקְּשׁוּרִין שְׁלָשְׁתָּן מֵאֲחוֹרֵי הָעֹרֶף, הוּא נוֹתְנוֹ עַל הַמִּצְנֶפֶת כְּמִין כּוֹבַע:

על המצנפת UPON THE MITRE, as I have explained above (Exodus 28:37) — by means of the middle string and the two strings at its (the Plate’s) ends which were, the three of them, tied together behind his neck he placed it upon the mitre as a kind of helmet.

ומשחת אתו. אַף מְשִׁיחָה זוֹ כְּמִין כִי, נוֹתֵן שֶׁמֶן עַל רֹאשׁוֹ וּבֵין רִסֵּי עֵינָיו וּמְחַבְּרָן בְּאֶצְבָּעוֹ (כריתות ה'):

ומשחת אתו AND THOU SHALT ANOINT HIM — This anointing also, was in the form of a X: he put a drop of oil on his head and another drop between his eyebrows and joined them with his finger into this shape (Keritot 5b).

והיתה להם. מִלּוּי יָדַיִם זֶה לִכְהֻנַּת עוֹלָם:

והיתה להם AND SHALL BE UNTO THEM This “filling of hands” shall be for an everlasting priesthood.

ומלאת. עַל יְדֵי הַדְּבָרִים הָאֵלֶּה:

ומלאת AND THOU SHALT “FILL” by means of these following matters

יד אהרן ויד בניו. בְּמִנּוּי וּפְקֻדַּת הַכְּהֻנָּה:

יד אהרן ויד בניו AARON’S HAND AND HIS SONS’ HANDS in the appointment and assigment to the priesthood.

פתח אהל מועד. בַּחֲצַר הַמִּשְׁכָּן שֶׁלִּפְנֵי הַפֶּתַח:

פתח אהל מועד BY THE ENTRANCE OF THE APPOINTED TENT — i. e. in the court of the Tabernacle which was in front of the entrance.

על קרנת. לְמַעְלָה בַּקְּרָנוֹת מַמָּשׁ:

על קרנות UPON THE HORNS — on top of the horns actually (the blood was not to be sprinkled from below so as to reach the horns but was to be placed by the finger actually upon the horns) (Zevachim 53a).

ואת כל הדם. שְׁיָרֵי הַדָּם:

ואת כל הדם AND ALL THE BLOOD i. e. all the remainder of the blood (that which is left after some of it had been placed upon the horns of the altar as just stated).

אל יסוד המזבח. כְּמִין בְּלִיטַת בֵּית קִבּוּל עָשׂוּי לוֹ סָבִיב סָבִיב, לְאַחַר שֶׁעָלָה אַמָּה מִן הָאָרֶץ:

אל יסוד המזבח AT THE BOTTOM OF THE ALTAR — A kind of projection that formed a receptacle was made right round it after it had risen to a height of one cubit from the ground (Sukkah 45a).

החלב המכסה את הקרב. הוּא הַקְּרוּם שֶׁעַל הַכֶּרֶס, שֶׁקּוֹרִין טי"לא:

החלב המכסה את הקרב THE FAT THAT COVERETH THE INWARDS — this is the membrane upon the maw (Tosefta Chullin 9:3) which is called tele in old French

ואת היתרת. הוּא טַרְפְּשָׁא דְּכַבְדָּא, שֶׁקּוֹרִין איבר"יש:

ואת היתרת This is the lobe of the liver which is called abris in old French

על הכבד. אַף מִן הַכָּבֵד טֹל עִמָּהּ (ספרא):

על הכבד — Take with it (with the lobe) some of the liver also (cf. Sifra, Vayikra Dibbura d'Nedavah, Section 14 8).

תשרף באש. לֹא מָצִינוּ חַטָּאת חִיצוֹנָה נִשְׂרֶפֶת אֶלָּא זוֹ:

תשרף באש SHALT THOU BURN WITH FIRE — We do not find that any “outside” sin offering was to be burnt except this (cf. Rashi on Leviticus 9:11).

וזרקת. בִּכְלִי; אוֹחֵז בַּמִּזְרָק וְזוֹרֵק כְּנֶגֶד הַקֶּרֶן כְּדֵי שֶׁיֵּרָאֶה לְכָאן וּלְכָאן, וְאֵין קָרְבָּן טָעוּן מַתָּנָה בְּאֶצְבַּע אֶלָּא חַטָּאת בִּלְבַד, אֲבָל שְׁאָר זְבָחִים אֵינָן טְעוּנִין קֶרֶן וְלֹא אֶצְבַּע, שֶׁמַּתַּן דָּמָם מֵחֲצִי הַמִּזְבֵּחַ וּלְמַטָּה, וְאֵינוֹ עוֹלֶה בַּכֶּבֶשׁ אֶלָּא עוֹמֵד בָּאָרֶץ וְזוֹרֵק (זבחים נ"ג):

וזרקת AND THOU SHALT SPRINKLE IT with a vessel: he held the basin and cast blood from it towards the horn in such a manner that it (the blood) showed on both sides of it. No offering except the sin-offering alone required that its blood should be smeared with the finger, but other sacrifices required neither “horn” nor “finger” (did not require that the blood should be placed on the horn of the altar by the fingers), for the sprinkling of their blood had to be upon the lower half of the altar, and he (the priest) therefore did not mount the ascent leading to the top of the altar but he stood on the ground and sprinkled the blood (Zevachim 53b).

סביב. כָּךְ מְפֹרָשׁ בִּשְׁחִיטַת קָדָשִׁים שֶׁאֵין סָבִיב אֶלָּא שְׁתֵּי מַתָּנוֹת שֶׁהֵן אַרְבַּע, הָאַחַת בְּקֶרֶן זָוִית זוֹ, וְהָאַחַת שֶׁכְּנֶגְדָהּ בַּאֲלַכְסוֹן, וְכָל מַתָּנָה נִרְאֵית בִּשְׁנֵי צִדֵּי הַקֶּרֶן אֵילָךְ וָאֵילָךְ, נִמְצָא הַדָּם נָתוּן בְּאַרְבַּע רוּחוֹת סָבִיב, לְכָךְ קָרוּי סָבִיב:

סביב ROUND ABOUT — This is how it is explained in the Treatise on Slaughtering the Sacrifices (Zevachim 53b): that סביב, “round about” signifies nothing more than that there were to be two sprinklings so made that they should constitute four — one on this corner and one at that which was diagonally opposite it, and so that each sprinkling showed on both sides of the corner, on this and on that side; it followed therefore that the blood was placed on the four sides round about, and for this reason it is here termed סביב.

על נתחיו. עִם נְתָחָיו – מוּסָף עַל שְׁאָר הַנְּתָחִים:

על נתחיו [AND PUT THEM] TO ITS PIECES — i. e. together with (על) its pieces — added to the other pieces.

ריח ניחוח. נַחַת רוּחַ לְפָנַי, שֶׁאָמַרְתִּי וְנַעֲשָׂה רְצוֹנִי:

ריח נחוח AS A PLEASING ODOUR — as a gratification of spirit before Me — that I commanded and My will was carried out (Zevachim 46b).

אשה. לְשׁוֹן אֵשׁ, וְהִיא הַקְטָרַת אֵבָרִים שֶׁעַל הָאֵשׁ:

אשה AN OFFERING MADE BY FIRE a term connected with the word אש, fire: it denotes the burning of the parts which had been placed on the fire (cf. Rashi on Leviticus 1:9).