Positive Commandment 43 (Digest)
The Additional Passover Offering
"For seven days you shall offer a fire-offering to G‑d..."—Leviticus 23:8.
On the seven days of Passover, we are commanded to bring a special offering in the Holy Temple, in addition to the regular daily sacrifices.
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> And the 43rd mitzvah is that we are commanded to bring an offering each of the seven days of Pesach in addition to the daily offerings.;) This is the musaf Chag HaMatzos offering.
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> The source of this commandment is G‑d's statement;) (exalted be He), "For seven days then, you shall present a fire offering to G‑d."
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> P39.
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> Lev. 23:36. This verse, however, speaks of Sukkos, not Pesach. See Kapach, 5731, note 59.
Positive Commandment 44 (Digest)
First Harvest Offering
"And you shall bring an omer of the first cuttings of your harvest"—Leviticus 23:10.
On the sixteenth day of Nissan [the second day of Passover], we are commanded to bring a barley offering in the Holy Temple, accompanied by a lamb (in its first year of life). This offering is known as the Minchat Bikurim [more popularly identified as the Omer Offering].
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> And the 44th mitzvah is that of the Omer;) grain offering. This is the commandment to bring an offering of barley on the 16th of Nissan, together with a year-old sheep as a burnt-offering.
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> The source of this commandment is G‑d's statement;) (exalted be He), "You must bring an Omer of your first reaping to the priest."
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> This grain offering is called minchas bikkurim [first grain offering], as hinted to in G‑d's statement;) (exalted be He), "When (im) you bring the first grain offering to G‑d, [it should be brought] as soon as it ripens; fresh kernels which are roasted in fire and ground up."
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> The Mechilta;) says, "The word 'im' [literally, "if"] when used in Scripture generally means something optional, except for three exceptions which are obligatory." One of them is G‑d's statement, "When ["im"] you bring the first grain offering to G‑d." Our Sages said, "'It is an obligation.' 'You say it's an obligation, but you might think it's really optional!' The Torah therefore continues,;) 'You shall bring your first grain offering.' This clearly refers to an obligation, not something optional."
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> All the details of this mitzvah have been fully explained in the 10th chapter of Menachos.;)
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> This is a measurement of volume.
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> Ibid., 23:10.
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> Ibid., 2:14.
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> Yisro, Parshah 11.
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> Ibid., at the end of the verse.
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> In most prints, it is chapter six.
Positive Commandment 45 (Digest)
The Additional Shavuot Offering
"On the day of the first fruits, when you offer up a new meal offering to G‑d . . . you shall bring a burnt offering for a pleasant fragrance"—Numbers 28:26-27.
On the fiftieth day after the offering of the omer sacrifice on the sixteenth of Nissan, we are commanded to bring a special offering in addition [to the regular daily sacrifices] in the Holy Temple—the Atzeret [Shavuot] Offering.
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> And the 45th mitzvah is that we are commanded to bring an offering in addition ;)] also on the 50th day from the Omer offering on the 16th of Nissan. This is the musaf Atzeres;) offering.
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> It is mentioned in Bamidbar Sinai,;) in G‑d's statement, "On the day of the first fruits, when you bring a new grain offering;) to G‑d ... you shall bring a burnt-offering as a pleasing fragrance to G‑d [of two young bulls, one ram and seven yearling sheep]."
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> P39.
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> The holiday of Atzeres is more commonly known as Shavuos.
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> I.e., the Book of Numbers 28:26-27.
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> I.e., the two loaves of Shavuos. See next mitzvah (P46).
Positive Commandment 46 (Digest)
The Two Loaves of Shavuot
"You shall bring from your dwellings two wave-loaves of two tenth measures"—Leviticus 23:17.
On the holiday of Atzeret [Shavuot], we are commanded to bring two loaves of leavened bread in the Holy Temple, together with an accompanying animal Peace Offering (in addition to the holiday's additional offering).
These two loaves as well as the sacrifices are eaten by the kohanim (priests).
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> And the 46th mitzvah is that we are commanded to bring two loaves;) of leavened bread to the Temple on the fixed;) day of Shavuos, together with the offerings;) which accompany this bread, and to sacrifice them as Scripture explains in the Book of Leviticus.;) The priests eat these two loaves after they have been waved;) with the peace offering of sheep.
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> The source of this commandment is G‑d's statement;) (exalted be He), "From the land upon which you live you shall bring two loaves of bread as a wave offering. They shall be made of two-tenths [of an ephah of wheat meal]."
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> It has been explained in the 4th chapter of Menachos;) that the sacrifices which are brought with these loaves are different from, and in addition to, the musaf offerings.;) We have explained this sufficiently in [the Commentary of the Mishneh to] tractate Menachos.;)
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> All the details of this mitzvah have been explained in the 4th, 5th, 8th,;) and 11th chapters of Menachos.
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> Each loaf was seven handbreadths (56 cm) long, four handbreadths (32 cm) wide, and one handbreadth (8 cm) thick. See Hilchos Temidin U'Musafin 8:10.
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> I.e., fixed on the 50th day from the offering of the Omer on the 16th of Nissan.
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> I.e., Burnt-offerings of seven yearling sheep, two bulls, and one ram; sin-offering of one goat; and a peace-offering of two sheep.
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> 23:18-19.
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> Once when the sheep were alive, and a second time after they have been slaughtered, using just the brisket and thigh. See Hilchos Temidin U'Musafin 8:11.
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> Lev. 23:17.
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> 45b.
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> P45 above.
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> Chapter 2, Mishneh 2.
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> Chapter 9 in most editions.
Positive Commandment 47 (Digest)
The Additional Rosh Hashanah Offering
"And on the first day of the seventh month . . . you shall offer a burnt offering for a pleasant fragrance for G‑d"—Numbers 29:1-2.
On the first of Tishrei, Rosh Hashanah, we are commanded to bring a special offering in the Holy Temple, in addition [to the regular daily sacrifices].
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> And the 47th mitzvah is that we are commanded to bring an offering in addition ;)] on the first day of Tishrei. This is the musaf Rosh HaShanah offering.
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> The source of this commandment is G‑d's statement;) (exalted be He), "On the first day of the seventh month...you must present a burnt-offering as an appealing fragrance to G‑d."
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> P39. P42.
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> Num. 29:1-2.
Positive Commandment 48 (Digest)
The Additional Yom Kippur Offering
"And on the tenth day of the seventh month . . . you shall offer a burnt offering for a pleasant fragrance for G‑d"—Numbers 29:7-8.
On the tenth of Tishrei [Yom Kippur], we are commanded to bring a special offering in the Holy Temple, in addition [to the regular daily sacrifices].
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> And the 48th mitzvah is that we are commanded to bring an offering in addition ;)] on the tenth day of Tishrei. [This is the musaf Yom Kippur offering.]
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> The source of this commandment is G‑d's statement;) (exalted be He), "On the 10th of this month...you must present a burnt-offering as an appealing fragrance to G‑d [one bull, one ram, and seven sheep]."
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> P39
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> Num. 29:7-8.
Positive Commandment 50 (Digest)
The Additional Sukkot Offerings
"You shall offer a burnt offering for a pleasant fragrance for G‑d"—Numbers 29:12-13.
On the [seven] days of the holiday of Sukkot, we are commanded to bring a special offering in the Holy Temple, in addition [to the regular daily sacrifices].
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> And the 50th mitzvah is that we are commanded to bring an offering in addition ;)] during the holiday of Sukkos.
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> The source of this commandment is G‑d's statement;) (exalted be He), "You must offer a burnt-offering as an appealing fragrance to G‑d [13 bulls, two rams, 14 yearling sheep...and a sin-offering of one goat]."
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> This is the musaf haChag offering.
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> P39.
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> Num. 29:13-15. In verses 17-34, the offerings of the second to the seventh day of Sukkos are described. Each day the number of bulls decreases by one (12 on the second day, etc.), leaving a total of 70 bulls, corresponding to the seventy nations of the world.
Positive Commandment 51 (Digest)
The Additional Shemini Atzeret Offering
On the eighth day of the holiday of Sukkot, Shemini Atzeret, we are commanded to bring a special offering in the Holy Temple, in addition [to the regular daily sacrifices].
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> And the 51st mitzvah is that we are commanded to bring an offering in addition ;)] on the eighth day of the holiday of Sukkos. This is the musaf Shemini Atzeres offering.
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> ;) "And the eighth day shall be a day of rest...You must present a burnt-offering as an appealing fragrance to G‑d one bull, one ram, 14 yearling sheep...and a sin-offering of one goat."]
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> The reason why we are forced to count this musaf offering separately from those of Sukkos;) is because of the principle,;) "Shemini Atzeres is considered a separate holiday." Our Sages said explicitly,;) "It is considered a separate holiday, with a separate sacrifice." This proves that the sacrifice is counted separately. This is extremely obvious.
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> P39
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> Num. 29:36-38.
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> P50 above. The question the Rambam is answering is: since the offerings of the first seven days of Sukkos count as a single commandment, why is that of the eighth day counted as a separate commandment?
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> Sukkah 48a.
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> Ibid.