Negative Commandment 173 (Digest)
Non-Kosher Fish
"And they shall be a detestable thing to you, you shall not eat from their meat, and their carcasses you shall hold in abomination"—Leviticus 11:11.
It is forbidden to eat any non-kosher fish.
Unabridged English Text of this Mitzvah »
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> The 173rd prohibition is that we are forbidden from eating non-kosher fish.
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> The source of this commandment is G‑d's statement;) regarding those species of fish [that do not have both fins and scales], "They shall be repulsive to you. You must avoid them by not eating their flesh."
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> The punishment for eating a kezayis [about 1 oz.] of their meat is lashes.
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> Footnotes
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> Lev. 11:11.
Negative Commandment 175 (Digest)
Flying Insects
"And every creeping flying thing is unclean to you: they shall not be eaten"—Deuteronomy 14:19.
It is forbidden to eat any flying insect, such as flies, bees or hornets.
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> The 175th prohibition is that we are forbidden from eating insects that fly,;) such as flies, bees, hornets, and similar species.
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> The source of this commandment is G‑d's statement in Deuteronomy,;) "All flying insects are unclean to you. They may not be eaten."
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> In the words of the Sifri, "The verse 'All flying insects...' constitutes a negative commandment."
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> The punishment for eating one;) [of these insects] is lashes.
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> See Kapach, 5731, note 70.
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> Deut. 14:19.
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> One gets lashes only for eating an entire insect. If the insect is in pieces, one receives lashes only for eating a kezayis. The same applies to the other prohibitions involving insects.
Negative Commandment 176 (Digest)
Creeping Land Creatures
"And every creeping thing that creeps upon the earth is a detestable thing; it shall not be eaten"—Leviticus 11:41.
It is forbidden to eat any creature that creeps on the ground, such as bugs or worms.
Unabridged English Text of this Mitzvah »
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> The 176th prohibition is that we are forbidden from eating insects [that breed] on the ground, such as worms, beetles, and benas vardan.;)
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> The source of this commandment is G‑d's statement,;) "Every small creature which breeds on land is repulsive to you. It may not be eaten."
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> The punishment for eating any of them is lashes.
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> The Arabic name for a type of beetle known to live in damp places.
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> Lev. 11:41.
Negative Commandment 177 (Digest)
Insects that are Born from Decay
"You shall not defile yourselves [by eating] any creeping creature that creeps upon the earth"—Leviticus 11:44.
It is forbidden to eat any species of creature that is born from rotted matter (as opposed to creatures conceived from a male and female).
Unabridged English Text of this Mitzvah »
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> The 177th prohibition is that we are forbidden from eating an insect which is created from decayed matter,;) even though it is not a particular species and is not created from a male-female relationship.
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> The source of this commandment is G‑d's statement,;) "Do not defile your souls [by eating] any small creature that lives on land."
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> In the words of the Sifri, "The verse, 'any small creature that lives on land' [comes to include an insect] even if it does not multiply.";)
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> This is the difference between the phrase, "a small creature that is shoretz on land," and "a small creature that is romeis [on land]." "A small creature that is shoretz" refers to something that has the ability to produce offspring like itself and reproduces on land. "A small creature that is romeis" refers to something which is created from decayed matter and does not produce a creature like itself.
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> The punishment for eating any of these is also lashes.
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> See N179 (and the footnotes) in lesson 97 for further discussion of this topic.
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> Lev. 11:44.
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> I.e., coming from the decaying matter, rather than from a parent insect.
Negative Commandment 178 (Digest)
Insects that Develop inside Fruit or Seeds
"Among all creeping things that creep upon the earth, you shall not eat them for they are an abomination"—Leviticus 11:42.
It is forbidden to eat any living creature that is born within fruits or seeds—once they have exited the fruit or seed (even if they have now reentered).
Unabridged English Text of this Mitzvah »
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> The 178th prohibition is that we are forbidden from eating creatures that come into existence within seeds and fruit. [They are prohibited only] after they emerge and crawl on the surface of the seed or fruit. Even if they are found later within the food,;) they may not be eaten, and the punishment for eating them is lashes.
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> The source of this commandment is G‑d's statement,;) "All small creatures which breed on land may not be eaten, for they are repulsive."
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> In the words of the Sifri, "This comes to include [an insect that] emerged to the ground;) and then returned."
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> I.e., after emerging once, the insect returned to its original place.
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> Lev. 11:42.
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> I.e., from inside the food to the surface.